Building coverage ratio: meaning and measurement

Category: Design

Prepared by Eng. Ahmed Fathy, Projects Manager · Last reviewed: 8 November 2026

Definition

The building coverage ratio is the maximum share of the plot that a single floor may cover. Under the current villa requirements the ground floor may cover up to 75% of the plot, the first floor up to 75%, and the roof annex up to 70% of the floor below.

Why it matters on a project

It sets the total built-up area, and so the construction cost and the property value. Knowing it before buying land or starting design avoids promising areas that cannot be permitted.

Measurement and pricing

Floor area divided by plot area. Total built-up area is the sum of all floors and annexes, and is the basis for design fees and construction cost estimates.

Worked example

A 400 m² plot: ground floor up to 400 × 75% = 300 m², first floor up to 300 m², annex up to 300 × 70% = 210 m², a maximum of 810 m² built-up area.

Common mistake

Taking the roof annex as a share of the plot instead of the floor below, so the annex comes out larger than allowed.

Frequently asked questions

Does the basement count in the coverage ratio?

Current villa rules allow a basement over the whole plot, not counted in the ground floor ratio, provided light and ventilation meet the code.

Does the ratio vary between subdivisions?

Yes, the plot's building system or the city's urban code may set different ratios and is the reference.

Related terms

SetbackThe required distance between the plot boundary and the building line.
Concept designThe first design stage: idea, massing and general layout without construction detail.
Building permit (Balady)The official approval to build, issued online through the Balady platform.
Construction drawingsDetailed drawings used to build the work on site after design approval, including dimensions, levels and details.

Building coverage ratio